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Influenza virus

A group of RNA viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Transmission is predominantly airborne, typically in winter. Serotypes A and B are virulent in humans and are the causative agents for the annual flu epidemic.

Capsid : Helical

Genitic structure : -ssRNA (8 segments)

Three pathogenic types
Influenzavirus A
Influenzavirus B
Influenzavirus C

Subtypes are differentiated by cell surface antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (e.g., H1N1 is “swine flu”)
Hemagglutinin (H): promotes viral entry by binding to sialic acid residues
Neuraminidase (N): promotes the release of virion progeny from host cells by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues

High antigen variability through antigenic drift and antigenic shift
Two forms of vaccines against influenza viruses A and B: inactivated and live attenuated

Disease : Influenza : A highly contagious, viral infection that typically occurs during the winter months. Manifestations include sudden-onset high fever, headache, rhinorrhea, nonproductive cough, malaise, and myalgia.

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