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Viral Diseases in Hindi, Viral Diseases in Human, Viral Infection in Hindi, Communicable and Non Communicable, Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases
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0:00 Introduction
1:13 Causes of Fungal nail infection
2:37 Symptoms of Fungal nail infection
3:03 Diagnosis of Fungal nail infection
3:36 Treatment of Fungal nail infection
Fungal nail infection is an infection caused by fungal invasion of the nail structure.
• Fungal nail infections are the most common disease of the nail, making up about 50% of nail abnormalities
• Damage to the nail structure can affect the growth, shape, size of the nail
• Fungal nail infections can affect both the fingernails and the toenails, but the toenails are more susceptible to an infection because the toe has less blood flow than the fingers, making it harder for the body to pick up on and prevent infection. The toenails are also more commonly affected because fungus thrives in dark, warm places.
• Fungal nail infections can develop in people of any age but it is more prevalent in older adults. As the nails age, it can become brittle, dry, and crack, allowing fungi to enter.
• In severe cases, fungal nail infection can cause permanent damage to the nails and may lead to other serious infections that spread beyond the feet, this is usually common in people with a suppressed immune system due to medication, diabetes or other conditions
CAUSES
Fungal nail infections are caused by various fungi.
The most common cases are caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes (making up around 85-90% of all cases), such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton rubrum (the most common dermatophytes that cause fungal nail infection). Dermatophytes are highly resistant and can survive for long periods in dark and warm environments.
Some yeasts and molds also cause these infections; they include:
Molds – Aspergillus, neoscytalidium, Scopulariopsis, and Acremonium species.
Yeasts – candida species which is responsible for 5-10% of fungal nail infection. This affects fingernails more than toenails. Video Rating: / 5
Part 1 of a lecture on the five categories of mycoses.
***Note to my students – Sorry! I only mentioned one of the two criteria for classifying mycoses. They are: 1. Mode of transmission and 2. Level of tissue infected.
Part 1 covers an introduction to the section and superficial mycoses. This video is the property of Lisa Shimeld. All rights reserved. 2015
Haemophilus influenzae is a small Gram-negative coccobacillus which can normally colonize the human respiratory tract. There are two major categories of H. influenzae – encapsulated strains and unencapsulated strains.
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Medical disclaimer: Knowledge Diffusion Inc (DBA Osmosis) does not provide medical advice. Osmosis and the content available on Osmosis’s properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. Video Rating: / 5
Visit https://bit.ly/39tepxd to license this video for patient education, content marketing, broadcast or other purposes. Ref number: ANH13085
Influenza, or the flu, is a contagious viral infection that attacks your nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause fever, chills, runny nose, sore throat, cough, muscle aches, and fatigue. The flu virus is extremely small and only visible through electron microscopes. Inside the virus, genetic material contains the information to make more copies of the same virus. A protein shell provides a hard, protective enclosure for the genetic material as the virus travels between the people or animals it infects. An outer envelope allows the virus to infect cells by merging with the cell’s outer membrane. Projecting from the envelope are spikes of protein molecules. The flu virus uses its H spikes like a key to get inside your cells. N spikes allow copies of the virus to break away from your infected cells to infect more cells. There are 17 known types of H spikes and nine types of N spikes that scientists use to name different flu viruses, such as the virus H5N1. You get the flu by touching an object that has the flu virus on it or through exposure to body fluids from people or animals infected with the virus. When an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, droplets carrying the influenza virus may land in your mouth or nose and then move into your lungs. Once inside your body, the influenza virus comes into contact with cells in your nose, throat, or lungs. The H spike on the virus inserts into a receptor molecule on your healthy cell membrane, like a key in a lock. This action allows the virus to get inside your cell. Next, the virus travels inside a sack made from your cell membrane to your cell’s nucleus. Then the viral envelope and cell membrane sack combine, allowing the viral genetic material to leave the sack and enter the nucleus. The viral genetic material hijacks the energy and materials in your cell’s nucleus to make thousands of copies of itself. Some of the genetic material moves out of the nucleus, then attaches to ribosomes, which are the protein building parts of your cell. Ribosomes use information from the genetic material to make other viral proteins, such as the H and N spikes. A packaging structure in your cell, called the Golgi apparatus, carries the H and N spikes in vesicles which merge with your cell’s membrane. All the parts needed to create a new virus gather just beneath your cell’s membrane. Then a new virus begins to bud off from the cell’s membrane. During this process, the newly created virus gets stuck on your cell’s membrane when a viral H spike locks onto membrane receptors. However, the virus has a way to get around this problem. The viral N spike frees the virus by cutting it away from the receptor. New influenza viruses are now free to infect more of your cells and cause you to develop the flu. If you have the flu, your doctor may prescribe Oseltamivir, which you would take orally, or Zanamivir, which you would take using an inhaler, to help speed your recovery or reduce your risk for complications. These anti-viral drugs stop the influenza virus by blocking the viral N spike from freeing the virus. This causes the new viruses to stick to the surface of your cell, so they cannot escape and infect more of your cells. The best way to protect yourself from the flu is to get the flu vaccine every year. You may receive the vaccine as a shot, which contains dead versions of several types of the virus, or you may receive it as a nasal spray, which contains several types of live, but very weak, forms of the virus. The vaccine exposes your body to several types of the influenza virus that are too weak to cause infection but just strong enough to stimulate an immune response. Within two weeks, cells in your immune system make markers called antibodies, which are specific for only the types of flu you were exposed to. The antibodies attach to each flu virus and prevent it from attaching to your cells. Antibodies are also able to attach to more than one flu virus, which causes viruses to clump together. Your immune system responds to signals from the antibodies by engulfing and destroying the clumps of viruses. Later, if you are exposed to these types of flu again, your body recognizes and destroys them, so you will not develop the flu from these same viruses. For continued protection against new flu viruses, you will need to get a flu vaccine every year.
Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time, some people begin to bleed both internally and externally.The disease has a high risk of death, killing 25% to 90% of those infected, with an average of about 50%. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows 6 to 16 days after symptoms appear.
The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids, such as blood from infected humans or other animals. Spread may also occur from contact with items recently contaminated with bodily fluids.Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may carry the virus for several weeks to months.Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it.Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.
This video “Bronchitis: Consequences, Symptoms & Treatment” is part of the Lecturio course “Respiratory Medicine” ► WATCH the complete course on http://lectur.io/bronchitisconsequences
► LEARN ABOUT:
– Infection of the trachea and bronchial tree
– Consequences of bronchitis
– Cough
– Transparent phlegm: no bacteria
– Green phlegm: Bacteria
– Viruses
– Bacteria
– Symptoms of bronchitis
– Cough
– Phlegm
– Fever and some systemic symptoms
– Signs of bronchitis
– Treatment of bronchitis
– Bronchitis causes infective exacerbations
► THE PROF:
► LECTURIO is your single-point resource for medical school:
Study for your classes, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MCAT or MBBS with video lectures by world-class professors, recall & USMLE-style questions and textbook articles. Create your free account now: http://lectur.io/bronchitisconsequences
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Rehealthify offers reliable, up-to-date health information, anytime, anywhere, for free.
— video script below —
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus, as well as shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.
The same viruses that cause colds and the flu often cause acute bronchitis. These viruses spread through the air when people cough, or through physical contact (for example, on unwashed hands). Being exposed to tobacco smoke, air pollution, dusts, vapors, and fumes can also cause acute bronchitis. Bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis, but not as often as viruses.
Most cases of acute bronchitis get better within several days. But your cough can last for several weeks after the infection is gone. If you think you have acute bronchitis, see your healthcare provider.
Treatments include rest, fluids, and aspirin (for adults) or acetaminophen to treat fever. A humidifier or steam can also help. You may need inhaled medicine to open your airways if you are wheezing. You probably do not need antibiotics. They don’t work against viruses – the most common cause of acute bronchitis. If your healthcare provider thinks you have a bacterial infection, he or she may prescribe antibiotics.
NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
What is influenza? Influenza’s one of the most common infectious diseases, and is caused the influenza virus.
Find our complete video library only on Osmosis Prime: http://osms.it/more.
Hundreds of thousands of current & future clinicians learn by Osmosis. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you to succeed in school, on board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at http://osms.it/more.
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Our Vision: Everyone who cares for someone will learn by Osmosis.
Our Mission: To empower the world’s clinicians and caregivers with the best learning experience possible. Learn more here: http://osms.it/mission
Medical disclaimer: Knowledge Diffusion Inc (DBA Osmosis) does not provide medical advice. Osmosis and the content available on Osmosis’s properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. Video Rating: / 5
Influenza is a serious respiratory illness and it’s caused by a virus, the influenza virus, affirms Elizabeth Reinhardt, Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner with Baptist Hospital.
Some of the symptoms of influenza (Flu) are: fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headaches and chills.
She considers the most important thing is not to confuse influenza with a cold. Video Rating: / 5
Common human disease (AIDS,Ascariasis ,Athletes’ Foot ,Bacillary Dysentery,Botulism ,Chickenpox ,Cholera ,Common Cold ,Dengue,Diarrhea ,Diphtheria ,Filariasis ,Gonorrhoea ,Herpes, Hookworm disease) with their causative agents, their symptoms, how to prevent these disease, how these diseases get transmitted from one person to another etc.
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